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Built Environment: First-Year Information Literacy Program: 2️⃣ Types of Information Sources

The Built Environment: First-Year Information Literacy Program LibGuide is designed to equip first-year students in architecture, urban planning, construction management, and related disciplines with essential information literacy skills.

Introduction to Types of Information Sources

When conducting research, it is essential to understand the different types of information sources available. These sources help students access reliable and relevant information for their studies and assignments. Information sources can be categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, each serving a unique purpose in academic work.

1️⃣ Types of Information Source

1. Primary Sources 📜

Primary sources provide firsthand, original information and are created at the time of an event or study. These sources are valuable for researchers as they offer direct evidence or original data.

Examples of Primary Sources:

  • Diaries & Letters ✉️ – Personal accounts of events
  • Interviews & Speeches 🎤 – Firsthand statements from individuals
  • Historical Documents 📜 – Government records, treaties, birth certificates
  • Photographs & Videos 📷 – Visual documentation of events
  • Artifacts & Artwork 🎨 – Objects from historical or cultural contexts

2. Secondary Sources 📖

Secondary sources interpret, analyze, or summarize primary sources. They are created after the original event and provide discussions or evaluations based on primary data.

Examples of Secondary Sources:

  • Textbooks 📚 – Summaries of research on various topics
  • Journals 📝 – Research articles written by experts
  • Documentaries 🎥 – Films interpreting historical or scientific events
  • Biographies 📕 – Life stories written about individuals

3. Tertiary Sources 📂

Tertiary sources compile and organize information from both primary and secondary sources, making it easier to locate relevant materials.

Examples of Tertiary Sources:

  • Encyclopedias 📘 – General knowledge summaries
  • Dictionaries 📖 – Definitions of terms and concepts
  • Bibliographies 📚 – Lists of related books and articles
  • Indexes & Abstracts 🗂️ – Tools that help locate sources

Understanding these types of sources will help students conduct effective research, ensuring they use appropriate and credible materials. The library provides access to a wide range of these sources, both in print and digital formats.

4️⃣ A Diverse Range of Resources Available Within the Library

The library provides a wide variety of resources to support your learning, research, and academic development. These resources include both physical and digital formats. Below is an overview of the key resources you can access:

1. Books

Books are an essential resource for academic research and studying. The library offers a vast collection of printed and e-books across various subjects, including textbooks, reference books, and specialized academic texts.

📚 Example:

  • Printed Books: Physical copies of books available for borrowing, ranging from general reading materials to course-specific texts.
  • E-Books: Digital versions of books that can be accessed online through the library's e-book platforms.

2. Journal Articles

Journal articles provide in-depth, peer-reviewed research on specific topics and are key for academic writing and research.

📰 Example:

  • Print Journals: Physical copies of academic journals available within the library.
  • Electronic Journals: Online access to thousands of academic and research journals covering a variety of fields and subjects.

3. Maps

🗺️ Maps Collection – Access a variety of maps (physical) to support your spatial and geographical research needs. 🌍

4. Archive

📖 Architecture Library Archive – Explore a rich collection of historical and contemporary materials, including rare books, journals, and documents essential for architectural research. 🏛️

2️⃣ Scholarly Information (Academic Sources)

📖 Scholarly Information (Academic Sources)

Scholarly information refers to materials that are written and reviewed by experts in a particular field. These sources are credible, peer-reviewed, and used for academic research.

Characteristics of Scholarly Information:

✔️ Written by experts or scholars 👨‍🏫👩‍🏫
✔️ Reviewed by other experts (peer-reviewed) 🧐
✔️ Contains references and citations 📑
✔️ Published in academic journals, books, or conferences 📚

Examples of Scholarly Information:

  • Peer-reviewed journal articles 📝 – Research papers published in academic journals
  • Conference proceedings 🎤 – Research presented at academic conferences
  • Academic books 📕 – Books written by subject experts and published by universities
  • Dissertations & Theses 🎓 – Research studies conducted by students for higher degrees

📌 Where to Find Scholarly Information?
You can access scholarly sources through library databases, institutional repositories, and research journal platforms.

3️⃣ Grey Literature (Unpublished or Non-Commercial Sources)

📄 Grey Literature

Grey literature refers to materials that are not published through traditional academic channels but still provide valuable research and insights. These documents are often produced by governments, organizations, and institutions.

Characteristics of Grey Literature:

✔️ Not always peer-reviewed ❌🔍
✔️ Produced by organizations, institutions, or individuals 🏢
✔️ Can provide up-to-date and detailed research 📊
✔️ May be difficult to locate in standard databases 🔎

Examples of Grey Literature:

  • Government reports 📑 – Research conducted by national institutions
  • Technical reports ⚙️ – Documents by research institutions and industries
  • White papers 📃 – In-depth reports on policies and industry trends
  • Working papers 🖋️ – Preliminary research findings before publication
  • Policy documents 🏛️ – Guidelines and strategies from government bodies
  • Preprints 🏗️ – Early versions of research papers before peer review

📌 Where to Find Grey Literature?
Grey literature can be found on government websites, institutional repositories, think tanks, and research organizations. Some databases, like OpenGrey and WorldWideScience, provide access to grey literature collections.

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources: ANU Library